November 2025 update

Inflation adjustments have been applied to emissions factors (EFs) for the NZ dataset.

Overall inflation rate for the last 6 months was 1.5%, resulting in a reduction in the emission intensity (emission per dollar) across many of the categories, due to the increasing cost of goods and services. Greengrocer has the most significant decrease in emission intensity as the cost of fruit and vegetables increased over the latest period. Transport, Cinema and Electronic Equipment emissions factors had the most significant increase in emission intensity due to a decrease in prices.

May 2025 update

A number of updates have been applied to the spend-based and activity-based emissions factors (EFs) for the New Zealand dataset which apply to the New Zealand Business Carbon Model. The update includes some notable changes, including the annual refresh of EEIO (Environmentally Extended Input-Output) Model derived EFs, improvements to some speciality food outlets and simplification of the inflation setup.

Emission Factors

All EFs have been inflation-adjusted to the March quarter of 2025. Average CPI Inflation was 10.7% since the last update.

EEIO Model Update

The Thinkstep ANZ EEIO model was updated based on 2022 emissions and economic data, and released to Cogo in late 2024. Significant changes have occurred to the emissions factors for a large proportion of categories due to inflation and new economic data, with the most significant changes explained below.

Public Transport

There was significant inflation observed for public transport since the last update, resulting in a large decrease in the EFs for the Trains and Buses category.

Waste Management Categories

Thinkstep have improved the makeup of the EFs for waste, resulting in a large decrease in the EF for Recycling and a large increase in the EF for General Waste.

Cogo Model Updates

Energy Categories

This model has been updated using the latest available emissions and cost data. Significant price inflation for natural gas has occurred since the previous update, which decreases the related EF. The Oil and Fuels category has also seen a significant change.

Grocery Categories

Changes in the EFs related to Food speciality retail types have occurred. Greengrocer has decreased due to fruit inflation and vegetables deflation. Conversely, Bakery increased due to inflation in the average weekly spend on bread.

Clothing Categories

The EF for the Clothing and Uniforms category decreased due to updated MR-EEIO (Multi-Regional Environmentally Extended Input-Output) UK data and updated Retail Brand sourcing data.

Benchmark Emission Factors

Improvements have been made to the EFs used in benchmarking to bring them into alignment with the approach taken for other countries.